SDL/src/core/linux/SDL_dbus.c

/*
  Simple DirectMedia Layer
  Copyright (C) 1997-2026 Sam Lantinga <slouken@libsdl.org>

  This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
  warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
  arising from the use of this software.

  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
  freely, subject to the following restrictions:

  1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
     claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
     in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
     appreciated but is not required.
  2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
     misrepresented as being the original software.
  3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
*/

#include "SDL_internal.h"

#include "../../SDL_list.h"
#include "../../SDL_menu.h"
#include "../../stdlib/SDL_vacopy.h"
#include "SDL_dbus.h"

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#ifdef SDL_USE_LIBDBUS

typedef struct SDL_DBusMenuItem
{
    SDL_MenuItem _parent;

    SDL_DBusContext *dbus;
    dbus_int32_t id;
    dbus_uint32_t revision;

    /* Right click event handler */
    void *cbdata;
    bool (*cb)(SDL_ListNode *, void *);
} SDL_DBusMenuItem;

// we never link directly to libdbus.
#define SDL_DRIVER_DBUS_DYNAMIC "libdbus-1.so.3"
static const char *dbus_library = SDL_DRIVER_DBUS_DYNAMIC;
static SDL_SharedObject *dbus_handle = NULL;
static char *inhibit_handle = NULL;
static unsigned int screensaver_cookie = 0;
static SDL_DBusContext dbus;

#define DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE   "com.canonical.dbusmenu"
#define DBUS_MENU_OBJECT_PATH "/Menu"

#define SDL_DBUS_UPDATE_MENU_FLAG_DO_NOT_REPLACE (1 << 0)
static const char *menu_introspect = "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><node name=\"/\"><interface name=\"com.canonical.dbusmenu\"><property name=\"Version\" type=\"u\" access=\"read\"></property><property name=\"TextDirection\" type=\"s\" access=\"read\"></property><property name=\"Status\" type=\"s\" access=\"read\"></property><property name=\"IconThemePath\" type=\"as\" access=\"read\"></property><method name=\"GetLayout\"><arg type=\"i\" name=\"parentId\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"i\" name=\"recursionDepth\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"as\" name=\"propertyNames\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"u\" name=\"revision\" direction=\"out\"></arg><arg type=\"(ia{sv}av)\" name=\"layout\" direction=\"out\"></arg></method><method name=\"GetGroupProperties\"><arg type=\"ai\" name=\"ids\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"as\" name=\"propertyNames\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"a(ia{sv})\" name=\"properties\" direction=\"out\"></arg></method><method name=\"GetProperty\"><arg type=\"i\" name=\"id\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"s\" name=\"name\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"v\" name=\"value\" direction=\"out\"></arg></method><method name=\"Event\"><arg type=\"i\" name=\"id\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"s\" name=\"eventId\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"v\" name=\"data\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"u\" name=\"timestamp\" direction=\"in\"></arg></method><method name=\"EventGroup\"><arg type=\"a(isvu)\" name=\"events\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"ai\" name=\"idErrors\" direction=\"out\"></arg></method><method name=\"AboutToShow\"><arg type=\"i\" name=\"id\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"b\" name=\"needUpdate\" direction=\"out\"></arg></method><method name=\"AboutToShowGroup\"><arg type=\"ai\" name=\"ids\" direction=\"in\"></arg><arg type=\"ai\" name=\"updatesNeeded\" direction=\"out\"></arg><arg type=\"ai\" name=\"idErrors\" direction=\"out\"></arg></method><signal name=\"ItemsPropertiesUpdated\"><arg type=\"a(ia{sv})\" name=\"updatedProps\" direction=\"out\"/><arg type=\"a(ias)\" name=\"removedProps\" direction=\"out\"/></signal><signal name=\"LayoutUpdated\"><arg type=\"u\" name=\"revision\" direction=\"out\"></arg><arg type=\"i\" name=\"parent\" direction=\"out\"></arg></signal><signal name=\"ItemActivationRequested\"><arg type=\"i\" name=\"id\" direction=\"out\"></arg><arg type=\"u\" name=\"timestamp\" direction=\"out\"></arg></signal></interface></node>";

SDL_ELF_NOTE_DLOPEN(
    "core-libdbus",
    "Support for D-Bus IPC",
    SDL_ELF_NOTE_DLOPEN_PRIORITY_RECOMMENDED,
    SDL_DRIVER_DBUS_DYNAMIC)

static bool LoadDBUSSyms(void)
{
#define SDL_DBUS_SYM2_OPTIONAL(TYPE, x, y) \
    dbus.x = (TYPE)SDL_LoadFunction(dbus_handle, #y)

#define SDL_DBUS_SYM2(TYPE, x, y)                            \
    if (!(dbus.x = (TYPE)SDL_LoadFunction(dbus_handle, #y))) \
    return false

#define SDL_DBUS_SYM_OPTIONAL(TYPE, x) \
    SDL_DBUS_SYM2_OPTIONAL(TYPE, x, dbus_##x)

#define SDL_DBUS_SYM(TYPE, x) \
    SDL_DBUS_SYM2(TYPE, x, dbus_##x)

    SDL_DBUS_SYM(DBusConnection *(*)(DBusBusType, DBusError *), bus_get_private);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusConnection *, DBusError *), bus_register);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusConnection *, const char *, DBusError *), bus_add_match);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusConnection *, const char *, DBusError *), bus_remove_match);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(const char *(*)(DBusConnection *), bus_get_unique_name);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(DBusConnection *(*)(const char *, DBusError *), connection_open_private);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusConnection *, dbus_bool_t), connection_set_exit_on_disconnect);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusConnection *), connection_get_is_connected);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusConnection *, DBusHandleMessageFunction, void *, DBusFreeFunction), connection_add_filter);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusConnection *, DBusHandleMessageFunction, void *), connection_remove_filter);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusConnection *, const char *, const DBusObjectPathVTable *, void *, DBusError *), connection_try_register_object_path);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusConnection *, DBusMessage *, dbus_uint32_t *), connection_send);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(DBusMessage *(*)(DBusConnection *, DBusMessage *, int, DBusError *), connection_send_with_reply_and_block);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusConnection *), connection_close);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusConnection *), connection_ref);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusConnection *), connection_unref);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusConnection *), connection_flush);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusConnection *, int), connection_read_write);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusConnection *, int), connection_read_write_dispatch);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(DBusDispatchStatus (*)(DBusConnection *), connection_dispatch);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(int), type_is_fixed);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessage *, const char *, const char *), message_is_signal);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessage *, const char *), message_has_path);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(DBusMessage *(*)(const char *, const char *, const char *, const char *), message_new_method_call);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(DBusMessage *(*)(const char *, const char *, const char *), message_new_signal);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusMessage *, dbus_bool_t), message_set_no_reply);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessage *, int, ...), message_append_args);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessage *, int, va_list), message_append_args_valist);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusMessage *, DBusMessageIter *), message_iter_init_append);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessageIter *, int, const char *, DBusMessageIter *), message_iter_open_container);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessageIter *, int, const void *), message_iter_append_basic);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessageIter *, DBusMessageIter *), message_iter_close_container);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessage *, DBusError *, int, ...), message_get_args);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessage *, DBusError *, int, va_list), message_get_args_valist);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessage *, DBusMessageIter *), message_iter_init);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessageIter *), message_iter_next);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusMessageIter *, void *), message_iter_get_basic);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(int (*)(DBusMessageIter *), message_iter_get_arg_type);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusMessageIter *, DBusMessageIter *), message_iter_recurse);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusMessage *), message_unref);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(void), threads_init_default);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusError *), error_init);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(const DBusError *), error_is_set);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(const DBusError *, const char *), error_has_name);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusError *), error_free);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(char *(*)(void), get_local_machine_id);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM_OPTIONAL(char *(*)(DBusError *), try_get_local_machine_id);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(void *), free);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(char **), free_string_array);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(void), shutdown);

    /* New symbols for SNI and menu export */
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(int (*)(DBusConnection *, const char *, unsigned int, DBusError *), bus_request_name);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessage *, const char *, const char *), message_is_method_call);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(DBusMessage *(*)(DBusMessage *, const char *, const char *), message_new_error);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(DBusMessage *(*)(DBusMessage *), message_new_method_return);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusMessageIter *, int, const void *, int), message_iter_append_fixed_array);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(void (*)(DBusMessageIter *, void *, int *), message_iter_get_fixed_array);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusConnection *, const char *, void **), connection_get_object_path_data);
    SDL_DBUS_SYM(dbus_bool_t (*)(DBusConnection *, const char *), connection_unregister_object_path);

#undef SDL_DBUS_SYM
#undef SDL_DBUS_SYM2

    return true;
}

static void UnloadDBUSLibrary(void)
{
    if (dbus_handle) {
        SDL_UnloadObject(dbus_handle);
        dbus_handle = NULL;
    }
}

static bool LoadDBUSLibrary(void)
{
    bool result = true;
    if (!dbus_handle) {
        dbus_handle = SDL_LoadObject(dbus_library);
        if (!dbus_handle) {
            result = false;
            // Don't call SDL_SetError(): SDL_LoadObject already did.
        } else {
            result = LoadDBUSSyms();
            if (!result) {
                UnloadDBUSLibrary();
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

static SDL_InitState dbus_init;

void SDL_DBus_Init(void)
{
    static bool is_dbus_available = true;

    if (!is_dbus_available) {
        return; // don't keep trying if this fails.
    }

    if (!SDL_ShouldInit(&dbus_init)) {
        return;
    }

    if (!LoadDBUSLibrary()) {
        goto error;
    }

    if (!dbus.threads_init_default()) {
        goto error;
    }

    DBusError err;
    dbus.error_init(&err);
    // session bus is required

    dbus.session_conn = dbus.bus_get_private(DBUS_BUS_SESSION, &err);
    if (dbus.error_is_set(&err)) {
        dbus.error_free(&err);
        goto error;
    }
    dbus.connection_set_exit_on_disconnect(dbus.session_conn, 0);

    // system bus is optional
    dbus.system_conn = dbus.bus_get_private(DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM, &err);
    if (!dbus.error_is_set(&err)) {
        dbus.connection_set_exit_on_disconnect(dbus.system_conn, 0);
    }

    dbus.error_free(&err);
    SDL_SetInitialized(&dbus_init, true);
    return;

error:
    is_dbus_available = false;
    SDL_SetInitialized(&dbus_init, true);
    SDL_DBus_Quit();
}

void SDL_DBus_Quit(void)
{
    if (!SDL_ShouldQuit(&dbus_init)) {
        return;
    }

    if (dbus.system_conn) {
        dbus.connection_close(dbus.system_conn);
        dbus.connection_unref(dbus.system_conn);
    }
    if (dbus.session_conn) {
        dbus.connection_close(dbus.session_conn);
        dbus.connection_unref(dbus.session_conn);
    }

    if (SDL_GetHintBoolean(SDL_HINT_SHUTDOWN_DBUS_ON_QUIT, false)) {
        if (dbus.shutdown) {
            dbus.shutdown();
        }

        UnloadDBUSLibrary();
    } else {
        /* Leaving libdbus loaded when skipping dbus_shutdown() avoids
         * spurious leak warnings from LeakSanitizer on internal D-Bus
         * allocations that would be freed by dbus_shutdown(). */
        dbus_handle = NULL;
    }

    SDL_zero(dbus);
    if (inhibit_handle) {
        SDL_free(inhibit_handle);
        inhibit_handle = NULL;
    }

    SDL_SetInitialized(&dbus_init, false);
}

SDL_DBusContext *SDL_DBus_GetContext(void)
{
    if (!dbus_handle || !dbus.session_conn) {
        SDL_DBus_Init();
    }

    return (dbus_handle && dbus.session_conn) ? &dbus : NULL;
}

static bool SDL_DBus_CallMethodInternal(DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage **save_reply, const char *node, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *method, va_list ap)
{
    bool result = false;

    if (conn) {
        DBusMessage *msg = dbus.message_new_method_call(node, path, interface, method);
        if (msg) {
            int firstarg;
            va_list ap_reply;
            va_copy(ap_reply, ap); // copy the arg list so we don't compete with D-Bus for it
            firstarg = va_arg(ap, int);
            if ((firstarg == DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) || dbus.message_append_args_valist(msg, firstarg, ap)) {
                DBusMessage *reply = dbus.connection_send_with_reply_and_block(conn, msg, 300, NULL);
                if (reply) {
                    // skip any input args, get to output args.
                    while ((firstarg = va_arg(ap_reply, int)) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
                        // we assume D-Bus already validated all this.
                        {
                            void *dumpptr = va_arg(ap_reply, void *);
                            (void)dumpptr;
                        }
                        if (firstarg == DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
                            {
                                const int dumpint = va_arg(ap_reply, int);
                                (void)dumpint;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    firstarg = va_arg(ap_reply, int);
                    if ((firstarg == DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) || dbus.message_get_args_valist(reply, NULL, firstarg, ap_reply)) {
                        result = true;
                    }
                    if (save_reply) {
                        *save_reply = reply;
                    } else {
                        dbus.message_unref(reply);
                    }
                }
            }
            va_end(ap_reply);
            dbus.message_unref(msg);
        }
    }

    return result;
}

bool SDL_DBus_CallMethodOnConnection(DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage **save_reply, const char *node, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *method, ...)
{
    bool result;
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, method);
    result = SDL_DBus_CallMethodInternal(conn, save_reply, node, path, interface, method, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    return result;
}

bool SDL_DBus_CallMethod(DBusMessage **save_reply, const char *node, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *method, ...)
{
    bool result;
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, method);
    result = SDL_DBus_CallMethodInternal(dbus.session_conn, save_reply, node, path, interface, method, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    return result;
}

static bool SDL_DBus_CallVoidMethodInternal(DBusConnection *conn, const char *node, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *method, va_list ap)
{
    bool result = false;

    if (conn) {
        DBusMessage *msg = dbus.message_new_method_call(node, path, interface, method);
        if (msg) {
            int firstarg = va_arg(ap, int);
            if ((firstarg == DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) || dbus.message_append_args_valist(msg, firstarg, ap)) {
                dbus.message_set_no_reply(msg, true);
                if (dbus.connection_send(conn, msg, NULL)) {
                    dbus.connection_flush(conn);
                    result = true;
                }
            }

            dbus.message_unref(msg);
        }
    }

    return result;
}

bool SDL_DBus_CallVoidMethodOnConnection(DBusConnection *conn, const char *node, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *method, ...)
{
    bool result;
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, method);
    result = SDL_DBus_CallVoidMethodInternal(conn, node, path, interface, method, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    return result;
}

bool SDL_DBus_CallVoidMethod(const char *node, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *method, ...)
{
    bool result;
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, method);
    result = SDL_DBus_CallVoidMethodInternal(dbus.session_conn, node, path, interface, method, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    return result;
}

static bool SDL_DBus_CallWithBasicReply(DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage **save_reply, DBusMessage *msg, const int expectedtype, void *result)
{
    bool retval = false;

    // Make sure we're not looking up strings here, otherwise we'd have to save and return the reply
    SDL_assert(save_reply == NULL || *save_reply == NULL);
    SDL_assert(save_reply != NULL || dbus.type_is_fixed(expectedtype));

    DBusMessage *reply = dbus.connection_send_with_reply_and_block(conn, msg, 300, NULL);
    if (reply) {
        DBusMessageIter iter, actual_iter;
        dbus.message_iter_init(reply, &iter);
        if (dbus.message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) == DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
            dbus.message_iter_recurse(&iter, &actual_iter);
        } else {
            actual_iter = iter;
        }

        if (dbus.message_iter_get_arg_type(&actual_iter) == expectedtype) {
            dbus.message_iter_get_basic(&actual_iter, result);
            retval = true;
        }

        if (save_reply) {
            *save_reply = reply;
        } else {
            dbus.message_unref(reply);
        }
    }

    return retval;
}

bool SDL_DBus_QueryPropertyOnConnection(DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage **save_reply, const char *node, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *property, int expectedtype, void *result)
{
    bool retval = false;

    if (conn) {
        DBusMessage *msg = dbus.message_new_method_call(node, path, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "Get");
        if (msg) {
            if (dbus.message_append_args(msg, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                retval = SDL_DBus_CallWithBasicReply(conn, save_reply, msg, expectedtype, result);
            }
            dbus.message_unref(msg);
        }
    }

    return retval;
}

bool SDL_DBus_QueryProperty(DBusMessage **save_reply, const char *node, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *property, int expectedtype, void *result)
{
    return SDL_DBus_QueryPropertyOnConnection(dbus.session_conn, save_reply, node, path, interface, property, expectedtype, result);
}

void SDL_DBus_FreeReply(DBusMessage **saved_reply)
{
    DBusMessage *reply = *saved_reply;
    if (reply) {
        dbus.message_unref(reply);
        *saved_reply = NULL;
    }
}

void SDL_DBus_ScreensaverTickle(void)
{
    if (screensaver_cookie == 0 && !inhibit_handle) { // no need to tickle if we're inhibiting.
        // org.gnome.ScreenSaver is the legacy interface, but it'll either do nothing or just be a second harmless tickle on newer systems, so we leave it for now.
        SDL_DBus_CallVoidMethod("org.gnome.ScreenSaver", "/org/gnome/ScreenSaver", "org.gnome.ScreenSaver", "SimulateUserActivity", DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
        SDL_DBus_CallVoidMethod("org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver", "/org/freedesktop/ScreenSaver", "org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver", "SimulateUserActivity", DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
    }
}

static bool SDL_DBus_AppendDictWithKeysAndValues(DBusMessageIter *iterInit, const char **keys, const char **values, int count)
{
    DBusMessageIter iterDict;

    if (!dbus.message_iter_open_container(iterInit, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &iterDict)) {
        goto failed;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        DBusMessageIter iterEntry, iterValue;
        const char *key = keys[i];
        const char *value = values[i];

        if (!dbus.message_iter_open_container(&iterDict, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &iterEntry)) {
            goto failed;
        }

        if (!dbus.message_iter_append_basic(&iterEntry, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key)) {
            goto failed;
        }

        if (!dbus.message_iter_open_container(&iterEntry, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, DBUS_TYPE_STRING_AS_STRING, &iterValue)) {
            goto failed;
        }

        if (!dbus.message_iter_append_basic(&iterValue, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &value)) {
            goto failed;
        }

        if (!dbus.message_iter_close_container(&iterEntry, &iterValue) || !dbus.message_iter_close_container(&iterDict, &iterEntry)) {
            goto failed;
        }
    }

    if (!dbus.message_iter_close_container(iterInit, &iterDict)) {
        goto failed;
    }

    return true;

failed:
    /* message_iter_abandon_container_if_open() and message_iter_abandon_container() might be
     * missing if libdbus is too old. Instead, we just return without cleaning up any eventual
     * open container */
    return false;
}

static bool SDL_DBus_AppendDictWithKeyValue(DBusMessageIter *iterInit, const char *key, const char *value)
{
    const char *keys[1];
    const char *values[1];

    keys[0] = key;
    values[0] = value;
    return SDL_DBus_AppendDictWithKeysAndValues(iterInit, keys, values, 1);
}

bool SDL_DBus_OpenURI(const char *uri, const char *window_id, const char *activation_token)
{
    static const char *bus_name = "org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop";
    static const char *path = "/org/freedesktop/portal/desktop";
    static const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.portal.OpenURI";

    if (!dbus.session_conn) {
        /* We either lost connection to the session bus or were not able to
         * load the D-Bus library at all.
         */
        return false;
    }

    DBusMessageIter iterInit;
    DBusMessage *msg = NULL;
    int fd = -1;
    bool ret = false;
    const bool has_file_scheme = SDL_strncasecmp(uri, "file:/", 6) == 0;

    // The OpenURI method can't open 'file://' URIs or local paths, so OpenFile must be used instead.
    if (has_file_scheme || !SDL_IsURI(uri)) {
        char *decoded_path = NULL;

        // Decode the path if it is a URI.
        if (has_file_scheme) {
            const size_t len = SDL_strlen(uri) + 1;
            decoded_path = SDL_malloc(len);
            if (!decoded_path) {
                goto done;
            }
            if (SDL_URIToLocal(uri, decoded_path) < 0) {
                SDL_free(decoded_path);
                goto done;
            }
            uri = decoded_path;
        }
        fd = open(uri, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
        SDL_free(decoded_path);
        if (fd >= 0) {
            msg = dbus.message_new_method_call(bus_name, path, interface, "OpenFile");
        }
    } else {
        msg = dbus.message_new_method_call(bus_name, path, interface, "OpenURI");
    }
    if (!msg) {
        goto done;
    }

    dbus.message_iter_init_append(msg, &iterInit);

    if (!window_id) {
        window_id = "";
    }
    if (!dbus.message_iter_append_basic(&iterInit, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &window_id)) {
        goto done;
    }

    if (fd >= 0) {
        if (!dbus.message_iter_append_basic(&iterInit, DBUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD, &fd)) {
            goto done;
        }
    } else {
        if (!dbus.message_iter_append_basic(&iterInit, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &uri)) {
            goto done;
        }
    }

    if (activation_token) {
        if (!SDL_DBus_AppendDictWithKeyValue(&iterInit, "activation_token", activation_token)) {
            goto done;
        }
    } else {
        // The array must be in the parameter list, even if empty.
        DBusMessageIter iterArray;
        if (!dbus.message_iter_open_container(&iterInit, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &iterArray)) {
            goto done;
        }
        if (!dbus.message_iter_close_container(&iterInit, &iterArray)) {
            goto done;
        }
    }

    {
        DBusMessage *reply = dbus.connection_send_with_reply_and_block(dbus.session_conn, msg, -1, NULL);
        if (reply) {
            ret = true;
            dbus.message_unref(reply);
        }
    }

done:
    if (msg) {
        dbus.message_unref(msg);
    }

    // The file descriptor is duplicated by D-Bus, so it can be closed on this end.
    if (fd >= 0) {
        close(fd);
    }

    return ret;
}

bool SDL_DBus_ScreensaverInhibit(bool inhibit)
{
    const char *default_inhibit_reason = "Playing a game";

    if ((inhibit && (screensaver_cookie != 0 || inhibit_handle)) || (!inhibit && (screensaver_cookie == 0 && !inhibit_handle))) {
        return true;
    }

    if (!dbus.session_conn) {
        /* We either lost connection to the session bus or were not able to
         * load the D-Bus library at all. */
        return false;
    }

    if (SDL_GetSandbox() != SDL_SANDBOX_NONE) {
        const char *bus_name = "org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop";
        const char *path = "/org/freedesktop/portal/desktop";
        const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.portal.Inhibit";
        const char *window = "";                    // As a future improvement we could gather the X11 XID or Wayland surface identifier
        static const unsigned int INHIBIT_IDLE = 8; // Taken from the portal API reference
        DBusMessageIter iterInit;

        if (inhibit) {
            DBusMessage *msg;
            bool result = false;
            const char *key = "reason";
            const char *reply_path = NULL;
            const char *reason = SDL_GetHint(SDL_HINT_SCREENSAVER_INHIBIT_ACTIVITY_NAME);
            if (!reason || !reason[0]) {
                reason = default_inhibit_reason;
            }

            msg = dbus.message_new_method_call(bus_name, path, interface, "Inhibit");
            if (!msg) {
                return false;
            }

            if (!dbus.message_append_args(msg, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &window, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &INHIBIT_IDLE, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                dbus.message_unref(msg);
                return false;
            }

            dbus.message_iter_init_append(msg, &iterInit);

            // a{sv}
            if (!SDL_DBus_AppendDictWithKeyValue(&iterInit, key, reason)) {
                dbus.message_unref(msg);
                return false;
            }

            DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
            if (SDL_DBus_CallWithBasicReply(dbus.session_conn, &reply, msg, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &reply_path)) {
                inhibit_handle = SDL_strdup(reply_path);
                result = true;
            }
            SDL_DBus_FreeReply(&reply);
            dbus.message_unref(msg);
            return result;
        } else {
            if (!SDL_DBus_CallVoidMethod(bus_name, inhibit_handle, "org.freedesktop.portal.Request", "Close", DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                return false;
            }
            SDL_free(inhibit_handle);
            inhibit_handle = NULL;
        }
    } else {
        const char *bus_name = "org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver";
        const char *path = "/org/freedesktop/ScreenSaver";
        const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver";

        if (inhibit) {
            const char *app = SDL_GetAppMetadataProperty(SDL_PROP_APP_METADATA_NAME_STRING);
            const char *reason = SDL_GetHint(SDL_HINT_SCREENSAVER_INHIBIT_ACTIVITY_NAME);
            if (!reason || !reason[0]) {
                reason = default_inhibit_reason;
            }

            if (!SDL_DBus_CallMethod(NULL, bus_name, path, interface, "Inhibit",
                                     DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &app, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &reason, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID,
                                     DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &screensaver_cookie, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                return false;
            }
            return (screensaver_cookie != 0);
        } else {
            if (!SDL_DBus_CallVoidMethod(bus_name, path, interface, "UnInhibit", DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &screensaver_cookie, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                return false;
            }
            screensaver_cookie = 0;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

void SDL_DBus_PumpEvents(void)
{
    if (dbus.session_conn) {
        dbus.connection_read_write(dbus.session_conn, 0);

        while (dbus.connection_dispatch(dbus.session_conn) == DBUS_DISPATCH_DATA_REMAINS) {
            // Do nothing, actual work happens in DBus_MessageFilter
            SDL_DelayNS(SDL_US_TO_NS(10));
        }
    }
}

/*
 * Get the machine ID if possible. Result must be freed with dbus->free().
 */
char *SDL_DBus_GetLocalMachineId(void)
{
    DBusError err;
    char *result;

    dbus.error_init(&err);

    if (dbus.try_get_local_machine_id) {
        // Available since dbus 1.12.0, has proper error-handling
        result = dbus.try_get_local_machine_id(&err);
    } else {
        /* Available since time immemorial, but has no error-handling:
         * if the machine ID can't be read, many versions of libdbus will
         * treat that as a fatal mis-installation and abort() */
        result = dbus.get_local_machine_id();
    }

    if (result) {
        return result;
    }

    if (dbus.error_is_set(&err)) {
        SDL_SetError("%s: %s", err.name, err.message);
        dbus.error_free(&err);
    } else {
        SDL_SetError("Error getting D-Bus machine ID");
    }

    return NULL;
}

/*
 * Convert file drops with mime type "application/vnd.portal.filetransfer" to file paths
 * Result must be freed with dbus->free_string_array().
 * https://flatpak.github.io/xdg-desktop-portal/#gdbus-method-org-freedesktop-portal-FileTransfer.RetrieveFiles
 */
char **SDL_DBus_DocumentsPortalRetrieveFiles(const char *key, int *path_count)
{
    DBusError err;
    DBusMessageIter iter, iterDict;
    char **paths = NULL;
    DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
    DBusMessage *msg = dbus.message_new_method_call("org.freedesktop.portal.Documents",    // Node
                                                    "/org/freedesktop/portal/documents",   // Path
                                                    "org.freedesktop.portal.FileTransfer", // Interface
                                                    "RetrieveFiles");                      // Method

    // Make sure we have a connection to the dbus session bus
    if (!SDL_DBus_GetContext() || !dbus.session_conn) {
        /* We either cannot connect to the session bus or were unable to
         * load the D-Bus library at all. */
        return NULL;
    }

    dbus.error_init(&err);

    // First argument is a "application/vnd.portal.filetransfer" key from a DnD or clipboard event
    if (!dbus.message_append_args(msg, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
        SDL_OutOfMemory();
        dbus.message_unref(msg);
        goto failed;
    }

    /* Second argument is a variant dictionary for options.
     * The spec doesn't define any entries yet so it's empty. */
    dbus.message_iter_init_append(msg, &iter);
    if (!dbus.message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &iterDict) ||
        !dbus.message_iter_close_container(&iter, &iterDict)) {
        SDL_OutOfMemory();
        dbus.message_unref(msg);
        goto failed;
    }

    reply = dbus.connection_send_with_reply_and_block(dbus.session_conn, msg, DBUS_TIMEOUT_USE_DEFAULT, &err);
    dbus.message_unref(msg);

    if (reply) {
        dbus.message_get_args(reply, &err, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &paths, path_count, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
        dbus.message_unref(reply);
    }

    if (paths) {
        return paths;
    }

failed:
    if (dbus.error_is_set(&err)) {
        SDL_SetError("%s: %s", err.name, err.message);
        dbus.error_free(&err);
    } else {
        SDL_SetError("Error retrieving paths for documents portal \"%s\"", key);
    }

    return NULL;
}

typedef struct SDL_DBus_CameraPortalMessageHandlerData
{
    uint32_t response;
    char *path;
    DBusError *err;
    bool done;
} SDL_DBus_CameraPortalMessageHandlerData;

static DBusHandlerResult SDL_DBus_CameraPortalMessageHandler(DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage *msg, void *v)
{
    SDL_DBus_CameraPortalMessageHandlerData *data = v;
    const char *name, *old, *new;

    if (dbus.message_is_signal(msg, "org.freedesktop.DBus", "NameOwnerChanged")) {
        if (!dbus.message_get_args(msg, data->err,
                                   DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
                                   DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &old,
                                   DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &new,
                                   DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
            data->done = true;
            return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
        }
        if (SDL_strcmp(name, "org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop") != 0 ||
            SDL_strcmp(new, "") != 0) {
            return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
        }
        data->done = true;
        data->response = -1;
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
    }
    if (!dbus.message_has_path(msg, data->path) || !dbus.message_is_signal(msg, "org.freedesktop.portal.Request", "Response")) {
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
    }
    dbus.message_get_args(msg, data->err, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &data->response, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
    data->done = true;
    return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
}

#define SIGNAL_NAMEOWNERCHANGED "type='signal',\
        sender='org.freedesktop.DBus',\
        interface='org.freedesktop.DBus',\
        member='NameOwnerChanged',\
        arg0='org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop',\
        arg2=''"

/*
 * Requests access for the camera. Returns -1 on error, -2 on denied access or
 * missing portal, otherwise returns a file descriptor to be used by the Pipewire driver.
 * https://flatpak.github.io/xdg-desktop-portal/docs/doc-org.freedesktop.portal.Camera.html
 */
int SDL_DBus_CameraPortalRequestAccess(void)
{
    SDL_DBus_CameraPortalMessageHandlerData data;
    DBusError err;
    DBusMessageIter iter, iterDict;
    DBusMessage *reply, *msg;
    int fd;

    if (SDL_GetSandbox() == SDL_SANDBOX_NONE) {
        return -2;
    }

    if (!SDL_DBus_GetContext()) {
        return -2;
    }

    dbus.error_init(&err);

    msg = dbus.message_new_method_call("org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop",
                                       "/org/freedesktop/portal/desktop",
                                       "org.freedesktop.portal.Camera",
                                       "AccessCamera");

    dbus.message_iter_init_append(msg, &iter);
    if (!dbus.message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &iterDict) ||
        !dbus.message_iter_close_container(&iter, &iterDict)) {
        SDL_OutOfMemory();
        dbus.message_unref(msg);
        goto failed;
    }

    reply = dbus.connection_send_with_reply_and_block(dbus.session_conn, msg, DBUS_TIMEOUT_USE_DEFAULT, &err);
    dbus.message_unref(msg);

    if (reply) {
        dbus.message_get_args(reply, &err, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &data.path, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
        if (dbus.error_is_set(&err)) {
            dbus.message_unref(reply);
            goto failed;
        }
        if ((data.path = SDL_strdup(data.path)) == NULL) {
            dbus.message_unref(reply);
            SDL_OutOfMemory();
            goto failed;
        }
        dbus.message_unref(reply);
    } else {
        if (dbus.error_has_name(&err, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER)) {
            return -2;
        }
        goto failed;
    }

    dbus.bus_add_match(dbus.session_conn, SIGNAL_NAMEOWNERCHANGED, &err);
    if (dbus.error_is_set(&err)) {
        SDL_free(data.path);
        goto failed;
    }
    data.err = &err;
    data.done = false;
    if (!dbus.connection_add_filter(dbus.session_conn, SDL_DBus_CameraPortalMessageHandler, &data, NULL)) {
        SDL_free(data.path);
        SDL_OutOfMemory();
        goto failed;
    }
    while (!data.done && dbus.connection_read_write_dispatch(dbus.session_conn, -1)) {
        ;
    }

    dbus.bus_remove_match(dbus.session_conn, SIGNAL_NAMEOWNERCHANGED, &err);
    if (dbus.error_is_set(&err)) {
        SDL_free(data.path);
        goto failed;
    }
    dbus.connection_remove_filter(dbus.session_conn, SDL_DBus_CameraPortalMessageHandler, &data);
    SDL_free(data.path);
    if (!data.done) {
        goto failed;
    }
    if (dbus.error_is_set(&err)) { // from the message handler
        goto failed;
    }
    if (data.response == 1 || data.response == 2) {
        return -2;
    } else if (data.response != 0) {
        goto failed;
    }

    msg = dbus.message_new_method_call("org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop",
                                       "/org/freedesktop/portal/desktop",
                                       "org.freedesktop.portal.Camera",
                                       "OpenPipeWireRemote");

    dbus.message_iter_init_append(msg, &iter);
    if (!dbus.message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &iterDict) ||
        !dbus.message_iter_close_container(&iter, &iterDict)) {
        SDL_OutOfMemory();
        dbus.message_unref(msg);
        goto failed;
    }

    reply = dbus.connection_send_with_reply_and_block(dbus.session_conn, msg, DBUS_TIMEOUT_USE_DEFAULT, &err);
    dbus.message_unref(msg);

    if (reply) {
        dbus.message_get_args(reply, &err, DBUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD, &fd, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
        dbus.message_unref(reply);
        if (dbus.error_is_set(&err)) {
            goto failed;
        }
    } else {
        goto failed;
    }

    return fd;

failed:
    if (dbus.error_is_set(&err)) {
        if (dbus.error_has_name(&err, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY)) {
            SDL_OutOfMemory();
        }
        SDL_SetError("%s: %s", err.name, err.message);
        dbus.error_free(&err);
    } else {
        SDL_SetError("Error requesting access for the camera");
    }

    return -1;
}

/* DBUSMENU LAYER BEGINS HERE */

/* Special thanks to the kind Hayden Gray (thag_iceman/A1029384756) from the SDL community for his help! */

static SDL_DBusMenuItem *MenuGetItemById(SDL_ListNode *menu, dbus_int32_t id)
{
    SDL_ListNode *cursor;

    cursor = menu;
    while (cursor) {
        SDL_MenuItem *item;
        SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item;

        item = cursor->entry;
        dbus_item = cursor->entry;

        if (dbus_item->id == id) {
            return dbus_item;
        }

        if (item->sub_menu) {
            SDL_DBusMenuItem *found;

            found = MenuGetItemById(item->sub_menu, id);
            if (found) {
                return found;
            }
        }

        cursor = cursor->next;
    }
    return NULL;
}

static void MenuAppendItemProperties(SDL_DBusContext *ctx, SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item, DBusMessageIter *dict_iter)
{
    SDL_MenuItem *item;
    DBusMessageIter entry_iter;
    DBusMessageIter variant_iter;
    const char *key;
    const char *value;
    int value_int;
    dbus_bool_t value_bool;

    item = (SDL_MenuItem *)dbus_item;

    key = "label";
    value = item->utf8 ? item->utf8 : "";
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &value);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(dict_iter, &entry_iter);

    key = "type";
    if (item->type == SDL_MENU_ITEM_TYPE_SEPERATOR) {
        value = "separator";
    } else {
        value = "standard";
    }
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &value);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(dict_iter, &entry_iter);

    key = "enabled";
    value_bool = !(item->flags & SDL_MENU_ITEM_FLAGS_DISABLED);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "b", &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &value_bool);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(dict_iter, &entry_iter);

    key = "visible";
    value_bool = TRUE;
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "b", &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &value_bool);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(dict_iter, &entry_iter);

    key = "toggle-type";
    value = (item->type == SDL_MENU_ITEM_TYPE_CHECKBOX) ? "checkmark" : "";
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &value);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(dict_iter, &entry_iter);

    key = "toggle-state";
    value_int = (item->flags & SDL_MENU_ITEM_FLAGS_CHECKED) ? 1 : 0;
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "i", &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &value_int);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(dict_iter, &entry_iter);

    key = "children-display";
    value = item->sub_menu ? "submenu" : "";
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &value);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(dict_iter, &entry_iter);
}

static void MenuAppendItem(SDL_DBusContext *ctx, SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item, DBusMessageIter *array_iter, int depth)
{
    SDL_MenuItem *item;
    DBusMessageIter struct_iter, dict_iter, children_iter;

    item = (SDL_MenuItem *)dbus_item;

    ctx->message_iter_open_container(array_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT, NULL, &struct_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&struct_iter, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &dbus_item->id);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&struct_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &dict_iter);
    MenuAppendItemProperties(ctx, dbus_item, &dict_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&struct_iter, &dict_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&struct_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "v", &children_iter);

    if (item->sub_menu && depth > 0) {
        SDL_ListNode *cursor;

        cursor = item->sub_menu;
        while (cursor) {
            SDL_DBusMenuItem *child;
            DBusMessageIter variant_iter;

            child = cursor->entry;
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&children_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "(ia{sv}av)", &variant_iter);
            MenuAppendItem(ctx, child, &variant_iter, depth - 1);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&children_iter, &variant_iter);
            cursor = cursor->next;
        }
    }

    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&struct_iter, &children_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(array_iter, &struct_iter);
}

static DBusHandlerResult MenuHandleGetLayout(SDL_DBusContext *ctx, SDL_ListNode *menu, DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage *msg)
{
    DBusMessage *reply;
    DBusMessageIter reply_iter, struct_iter, dict_iter, children_iter;
    DBusMessageIter entry_iter, variant_iter;
    DBusMessageIter args;
    const char *key;
    const char *val;
    dbus_int32_t parent_id;
    dbus_int32_t recursion_depth;
    dbus_int32_t root_id;
    dbus_uint32_t revision;

    ctx->message_iter_init(msg, &args);
    if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) != DBUS_TYPE_INT32) {
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
    }

    ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&args, &parent_id);
    ctx->message_iter_next(&args);
    if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) != DBUS_TYPE_INT32) {
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
    }

    ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&args, &recursion_depth);
    if (recursion_depth == -1) {
        recursion_depth = 100;
    }

    reply = ctx->message_new_method_return(msg);
    ctx->message_iter_init_append(reply, &reply_iter);

    revision = 0;
    if (menu) {
        if (menu->entry) {
            revision = ((SDL_DBusMenuItem *)menu->entry)->revision;
        }
    }
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&reply_iter, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &revision);

    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&reply_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT, NULL, &struct_iter);

    root_id = 0;
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&struct_iter, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &root_id);

    key = "children-display";
    val = "submenu";
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&struct_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &dict_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &val);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&struct_iter, &dict_iter);

    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&struct_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "v", &children_iter);
    if (!parent_id && menu) {
        SDL_ListNode *cursor;

        cursor = menu;
        while (cursor) {
            SDL_MenuItem *item;
            SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item;
            DBusMessageIter cvariant_iter, item_struct, item_dict, item_children;

            item = cursor->entry;
            dbus_item = cursor->entry;
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&children_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "(ia{sv}av)", &cvariant_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&cvariant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT, NULL, &item_struct);
            ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&item_struct, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &dbus_item->id);
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&item_struct, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &item_dict);
            MenuAppendItemProperties(ctx, dbus_item, &item_dict);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&item_struct, &item_dict);
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&item_struct, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "v", &item_children);
            if (item->sub_menu && recursion_depth) {
                SDL_ListNode *child_cursor;

                child_cursor = item->sub_menu;
                while (child_cursor) {
                    SDL_DBusMenuItem *child;
                    DBusMessageIter child_variant;

                    child = child_cursor->entry;
                    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&item_children, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "(ia{sv}av)", &child_variant);
                    MenuAppendItem(ctx, child, &child_variant, recursion_depth - 1);
                    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&item_children, &child_variant);
                    child_cursor = child_cursor->next;
                }
            }
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&item_struct, &item_children);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&cvariant_iter, &item_struct);

            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&children_iter, &cvariant_iter);
            cursor = cursor->next;
        }
    } else if (parent_id) {
        SDL_DBusMenuItem *parent;
        SDL_MenuItem *parent_item;

        parent = MenuGetItemById(menu, parent_id);
        parent_item = (SDL_MenuItem *)parent;
        if (parent_item && parent_item->sub_menu) {
            SDL_ListNode *cursor;

            cursor = parent_item->sub_menu;
            while (cursor) {
                SDL_MenuItem *item;
                SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item;
                DBusMessageIter cvariant_iter, item_struct, item_dict, item_children;

                item = cursor->entry;
                dbus_item = cursor->entry;
                ctx->message_iter_open_container(&children_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "(ia{sv}av)", &cvariant_iter);
                ctx->message_iter_open_container(&cvariant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT, NULL, &item_struct);
                ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&item_struct, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &dbus_item->id);
                ctx->message_iter_open_container(&item_struct, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &item_dict);
                MenuAppendItemProperties(ctx, dbus_item, &item_dict);
                ctx->message_iter_close_container(&item_struct, &item_dict);
                ctx->message_iter_open_container(&item_struct, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "v", &item_children);
                if (item->sub_menu && recursion_depth) {
                    SDL_ListNode *child_cursor;

                    child_cursor = item->sub_menu;
                    while (child_cursor) {
                        SDL_DBusMenuItem *child;
                        DBusMessageIter child_variant;

                        child = child_cursor->entry;
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&item_children, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "(ia{sv}av)", &child_variant);
                        MenuAppendItem(ctx, child, &child_variant, recursion_depth - 1);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&item_children, &child_variant);
                        child_cursor = child_cursor->next;
                    }
                }
                ctx->message_iter_close_container(&item_struct, &item_children);
                ctx->message_iter_close_container(&cvariant_iter, &item_struct);

                ctx->message_iter_close_container(&children_iter, &cvariant_iter);

                cursor = cursor->next;
            }
        }
    }
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&struct_iter, &children_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&reply_iter, &struct_iter);

    ctx->connection_send(conn, reply, NULL);
    ctx->message_unref(reply);

    return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
}

static DBusHandlerResult MenuHandleEvent(SDL_DBusContext *ctx, SDL_ListNode *menu, DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage *msg)
{
    SDL_MenuItem *item;
    SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item;
    DBusMessage *reply;
    const char *event_id;
    DBusMessageIter args;
    Uint32 id;

    ctx->message_iter_init(msg, &args);
    ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&args, &id);
    ctx->message_iter_next(&args);
    ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&args, &event_id);

    item = NULL;
    dbus_item = NULL;
    if (!SDL_strcmp(event_id, "clicked")) {
        dbus_item = MenuGetItemById(menu, id);
        item = (SDL_MenuItem *)dbus_item;
    }

    reply = ctx->message_new_method_return(msg);
    ctx->connection_send(conn, reply, NULL);
    ctx->message_unref(reply);

    if (item) {
        if (item->type == SDL_MENU_ITEM_TYPE_CHECKBOX) {
            item->flags ^= SDL_MENU_ITEM_FLAGS_CHECKED;
            SDL_DBus_UpdateMenu(ctx, conn, menu, NULL, NULL, NULL, SDL_DBUS_UPDATE_MENU_FLAG_DO_NOT_REPLACE);
        }

        if (item->cb) {
            item->cb(item, item->cb_data);
        }
    }

    return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
}

static DBusHandlerResult MenuHandleEventGroup(SDL_DBusContext *ctx, SDL_ListNode *menu, DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage *msg)
{
    DBusMessage *reply;
    DBusMessageIter reply_iter, id_errors_iter;
    DBusMessageIter args, array_iter;

    ctx->message_iter_init(msg, &args);
    if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) == DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
        ctx->message_iter_recurse(&args, &array_iter);
        while (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&array_iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
            DBusMessageIter struct_iter;
            const char *event_id;
            dbus_int32_t id;

            ctx->message_iter_recurse(&array_iter, &struct_iter);
            if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&struct_iter) == DBUS_TYPE_INT32) {
                ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&struct_iter, &id);
                ctx->message_iter_next(&struct_iter);
                if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&struct_iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
                    ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&struct_iter, &event_id);

                    if (!SDL_strcmp(event_id, "clicked")) {
                        SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item;
                        SDL_MenuItem *item;

                        dbus_item = MenuGetItemById(menu, id);
                        item = (SDL_MenuItem *)dbus_item;

                        if (item) {
                            if (item->type == SDL_MENU_ITEM_TYPE_CHECKBOX) {
                                item->flags ^= SDL_MENU_ITEM_FLAGS_CHECKED;
                                SDL_DBus_UpdateMenu(ctx, conn, menu, NULL, NULL, NULL, SDL_DBUS_UPDATE_MENU_FLAG_DO_NOT_REPLACE);
                            }

                            if (item->cb) {
                                item->cb(item, item->cb_data);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            ctx->message_iter_next(&array_iter);
        }
    }

    reply = ctx->message_new_method_return(msg);
    ctx->message_iter_init_append(reply, &reply_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&reply_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "i", &id_errors_iter);
    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&reply_iter, &id_errors_iter);
    ctx->connection_send(conn, reply, NULL);
    ctx->message_unref(reply);
    return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
}

static DBusHandlerResult MenuHandleGetProperty(SDL_DBusContext *ctx, SDL_ListNode *menu, DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage *msg)
{
    SDL_MenuItem *item;
    SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item;
    DBusMessage *reply;
    const char *property;
    const char *val;
    DBusMessageIter args;
    DBusMessageIter iter, variant_iter;
    dbus_int32_t id;
    int int_val;
    dbus_bool_t bool_val;

    ctx->message_iter_init(msg, &args);
    if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) != DBUS_TYPE_INT32) {
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
    }

    ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&args, &id);
    ctx->message_iter_next(&args);
    if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
    }

    ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&args, &property);

    dbus_item = MenuGetItemById(menu, id);
    item = (SDL_MenuItem *)dbus_item;
    if (!item) {
        DBusMessage *error;

        error = ctx->message_new_error(msg, "com.canonical.dbusmenu.Error", "Item not found");
        ctx->connection_send(conn, error, NULL);
        ctx->message_unref(error);
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
    }

    reply = ctx->message_new_method_return(msg);
    ctx->message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
    if (!SDL_strcmp(property, "label")) {
        val = item->utf8 ? item->utf8 : "";
        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &val);
        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(property, "enabled")) {
        bool_val = !(item->flags & SDL_MENU_ITEM_FLAGS_DISABLED);
        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "b", &variant_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &bool_val);
        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(property, "visible")) {
        bool_val = 1;
        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "b", &variant_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &bool_val);
        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(property, "type")) {
        if (item->type == SDL_MENU_ITEM_TYPE_SEPERATOR) {
            val = "separator";
        } else {
            val = "standard";
        }
        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &val);
        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(property, "toggle-type")) {
        if (item->type == SDL_MENU_ITEM_TYPE_CHECKBOX) {
            val = "checkmark";
        } else {
            val = "";
        }
        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &val);
        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(property, "toggle-state")) {
        int_val = (item->flags & SDL_MENU_ITEM_FLAGS_CHECKED) ? 1 : 0;
        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "i", &variant_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &int_val);
        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(property, "children-display")) {
        val = item->sub_menu ? "submenu" : "";
        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &val);
        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
    } else {
        val = "";
        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &val);
        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
    }

    ctx->connection_send(conn, reply, NULL);
    ctx->message_unref(reply);
    return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
}

static DBusHandlerResult MenuHandleGetGroupProperties(SDL_DBusContext *ctx, SDL_ListNode *menu, DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage *msg)
{
#define FILTER_PROPS_SZ 32

    DBusMessage *reply;
    DBusMessageIter args, array_iter, prop_iter;
    DBusMessageIter iter, reply_array_iter;
    const char *filter_props[FILTER_PROPS_SZ];
    dbus_int32_t *ids;
    int ids_sz;
    int filter_sz;
    int i;
    int j;

    ids_sz = 0;
    ctx->message_iter_init(msg, &args);
    if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
    }

    ctx->message_iter_recurse(&args, &array_iter);
    if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&array_iter) == DBUS_TYPE_INT32) {
        ctx->message_iter_get_fixed_array(&array_iter, &ids, &ids_sz);
    }

    ctx->message_iter_next(&args);
    if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
    }

    ctx->message_iter_recurse(&args, &prop_iter);
    filter_sz = 0;
    while (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&prop_iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
        if (filter_sz < FILTER_PROPS_SZ) {
            ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&prop_iter, &filter_props[filter_sz]);
            filter_sz++;
        }
        ctx->message_iter_next(&prop_iter);
    }

    reply = ctx->message_new_method_return(msg);
    ctx->message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
    ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ia{sv})", &reply_array_iter);

    for (i = 0; i < ids_sz; i++) {
        SDL_MenuItem *item;
        SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item;

        dbus_item = MenuGetItemById(menu, ids[i]);
        item = (SDL_MenuItem *)dbus_item;
        if (item) {
            DBusMessageIter struct_iter, dict_iter;

            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&reply_array_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT, NULL, &struct_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&struct_iter, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &ids[i]);
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&struct_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &dict_iter);

            if (filter_sz == 0) {
                MenuAppendItemProperties(ctx, dbus_item, &dict_iter);
            } else {
                for (j = 0; j < filter_sz; j++) {
                    DBusMessageIter entry_iter, variant_iter;
                    const char *prop;
                    const char *val;
                    int int_val;
                    dbus_bool_t bool_val;

                    prop = filter_props[j];
                    if (!SDL_strcmp(prop, "label")) {
                        val = (item->utf8) ? item->utf8 : "";
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop);
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &val);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);
                    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(prop, "type")) {
                        val = (item->type == SDL_MENU_ITEM_TYPE_SEPERATOR) ? "separator" : "standard";
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop);
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &val);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);
                    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(prop, "enabled")) {
                        bool_val = !(item->flags & SDL_MENU_ITEM_FLAGS_DISABLED);
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop);
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "b", &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &bool_val);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);
                    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(prop, "visible")) {
                        bool_val = 1;
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop);
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "b", &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &bool_val);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);
                    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(prop, "toggle-type")) {
                        val = (item->type == SDL_MENU_ITEM_TYPE_CHECKBOX) ? "checkmark" : "";
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop);
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &val);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);
                    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(prop, "toggle-state")) {
                        int_val = (item->flags & SDL_MENU_ITEM_FLAGS_CHECKED) ? 1 : 0;
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop);
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "i", &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &int_val);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);
                    } else if (!SDL_strcmp(prop, "children-display")) {
                        val = (item->sub_menu) ? "submenu" : "";
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop);
                        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &val);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
                        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);
                    }
                }
            }

            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&struct_iter, &dict_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&reply_array_iter, &struct_iter);
        }
    }

    ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &reply_array_iter);
    ctx->connection_send(conn, reply, NULL);
    ctx->message_unref(reply);
    return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
}

static dbus_int32_t MenuGetMaxItemId(SDL_ListNode *menu)
{
    SDL_ListNode *cursor;
    dbus_int32_t max_id;

    max_id = 0;
    cursor = menu;
    while (cursor) {
        SDL_MenuItem *item;
        SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item;

        dbus_item = cursor->entry;
        item = cursor->entry;
        if (item) {
            if (dbus_item->id > max_id) {
                max_id = dbus_item->id;
            }

            if (item->sub_menu) {
                dbus_int32_t sub_max;

                sub_max = MenuGetMaxItemId(item->sub_menu);
                if (sub_max > max_id) {
                    max_id = sub_max;
                }
            }
        }
        cursor = cursor->next;
    }
    return max_id;
}

static void MenuAssignItemIds(SDL_ListNode *menu, dbus_int32_t *next_id)
{
    SDL_ListNode *cursor;

    cursor = menu;
    while (cursor) {
        SDL_MenuItem *item;
        SDL_DBusMenuItem *dbus_item;

        dbus_item = cursor->entry;
        item = cursor->entry;
        if (item) {
            if (!dbus_item->id) {
                dbus_item->id = (*next_id)++;
            }

            if (item->sub_menu) {
                MenuAssignItemIds(item->sub_menu, next_id);
            }
        }
        cursor = cursor->next;
    }
}

SDL_MenuItem *SDL_DBus_CreateMenuItem(void)
{
    SDL_DBusMenuItem *item;
    item = SDL_malloc(sizeof(SDL_DBusMenuItem));
    item->id = 0;
    item->revision = 0;
    item->cb = NULL;
    item->cbdata = NULL;
    return (SDL_MenuItem *)item;
}

static DBusHandlerResult MenuMessageHandler(DBusConnection *conn, DBusMessage *msg, void *user_data)
{
    SDL_ListNode *menu;
    SDL_DBusMenuItem *item;
    SDL_DBusContext *ctx;

    menu = user_data;
    if (!menu) {
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
    }

    if (!menu->entry) {
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
    }

    item = (SDL_DBusMenuItem *)menu->entry;
    ctx = item->dbus;

    if (ctx->message_is_method_call(msg, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE, "GetLayout")) {
        return MenuHandleGetLayout(ctx, menu, conn, msg);
    } else if (ctx->message_is_method_call(msg, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE, "Event")) {
        return MenuHandleEvent(ctx, menu, conn, msg);
    } else if (ctx->message_is_method_call(msg, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE, "EventGroup")) {
        return MenuHandleEventGroup(ctx, menu, conn, msg);
    } else if (ctx->message_is_method_call(msg, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE, "AboutToShow")) {
        DBusMessage *reply;
        dbus_bool_t need_update;

        if (item->cb) {
            item->cb(menu, item->cbdata);
        }

        need_update = FALSE;
        reply = ctx->message_new_method_return(msg);
        ctx->message_append_args(reply, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &need_update, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
        ctx->connection_send(conn, reply, NULL);
        ctx->message_unref(reply);
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
    } else if (ctx->message_is_method_call(msg, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE, "AboutToShowGroup")) {
        DBusMessage *reply;
        DBusMessageIter iter, arr_iter;

        reply = ctx->message_new_method_return(msg);
        ctx->message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "i", &arr_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &arr_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "i", &arr_iter);
        ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &arr_iter);
        ctx->connection_send(conn, reply, NULL);
        ctx->message_unref(reply);
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
    } else if (ctx->message_is_method_call(msg, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE, "GetGroupProperties")) {
        return MenuHandleGetGroupProperties(ctx, menu, conn, msg);
    } else if (ctx->message_is_method_call(msg, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE, "GetProperty")) {
        return MenuHandleGetProperty(ctx, menu, conn, msg);
    } else if (ctx->message_is_method_call(msg, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "Get")) {
        DBusMessage *reply;
        const char *interface_name;
        const char *property_name;
        const char *str_val;
        DBusMessageIter args, iter, variant_iter;
        dbus_uint32_t version;

        ctx->message_iter_init(msg, &args);
        if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
            return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
        }
        ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&args, &interface_name);
        ctx->message_iter_next(&args);
        if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
            return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
        }
        ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&args, &property_name);

        if (!SDL_strcmp(interface_name, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE)) {
            reply = ctx->message_new_method_return(msg);
            ctx->message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
            if (!SDL_strcmp(property_name, "Version")) {
                version = 3;
                ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "u", &variant_iter);
                ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &version);
                ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
            } else if (!SDL_strcmp(property_name, "Status")) {
                str_val = "normal";

                ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
                ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &str_val);
                ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
            } else if (!SDL_strcmp(property_name, "TextDirection")) {
                str_val = "ltr";

                ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
                ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &str_val);
                ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
            } else if (!SDL_strcmp(property_name, "IconThemePath")) {
                DBusMessageIter array_iter;

                ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "as", &variant_iter);
                ctx->message_iter_open_container(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &array_iter);
                ctx->message_iter_close_container(&variant_iter, &array_iter);
                ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter);
            } else {
                ctx->message_unref(reply);
                return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
            }
            ctx->connection_send(conn, reply, NULL);
            ctx->message_unref(reply);
            return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
        }
    } else if (ctx->message_is_method_call(msg, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "GetAll")) {
        DBusMessage *reply;
        const char *interface_name;
        const char *key;
        DBusMessageIter args, iter, dict_iter, entry_iter, variant_iter;
        dbus_uint32_t version;

        ctx->message_iter_init(msg, &args);
        if (ctx->message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
            return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
        }
        ctx->message_iter_get_basic(&args, &interface_name);

        if (!SDL_strcmp(interface_name, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE)) {
            DBusMessageIter array_iter;
            const char *str_val;

            reply = ctx->message_new_method_return(msg);
            ctx->message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}", &dict_iter);

            key = "Version";
            version = 3;
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "u", &variant_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &version);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);

            key = "Status";
            str_val = "normal";
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &str_val);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);

            key = "TextDirection";
            str_val = "ltr";
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "s", &variant_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &str_val);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);

            key = "IconThemePath";
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&dict_iter, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, NULL, &entry_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "as", &variant_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_open_container(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &array_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&variant_iter, &array_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&entry_iter, &variant_iter);
            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter, &entry_iter);

            ctx->message_iter_close_container(&iter, &dict_iter);
            ctx->connection_send(conn, reply, NULL);
            ctx->message_unref(reply);
            return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
        }
    } else if (ctx->message_is_method_call(msg, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable", "Introspect")) {
        DBusMessage *reply;

        reply = ctx->message_new_method_return(msg);
        ctx->message_append_args(reply, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &menu_introspect, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
        ctx->connection_send(conn, reply, NULL);
        ctx->message_unref(reply);
        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_HANDLED;
    }

    return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
}

const char *SDL_DBus_ExportMenu(SDL_DBusContext *ctx, DBusConnection *conn, SDL_ListNode *menu)
{
    DBusObjectPathVTable vtable;
    dbus_int32_t next_id;

    if (!ctx || !menu) {
        return NULL;
    }

    next_id = 1;
    MenuAssignItemIds(menu, &next_id);

    if (menu->entry) {
        SDL_DBusMenuItem *item;

        item = menu->entry;
        item->dbus = ctx;
        item->revision++;
    }

    vtable.message_function = MenuMessageHandler;
    vtable.unregister_function = NULL;
    if (!ctx->connection_try_register_object_path(conn, DBUS_MENU_OBJECT_PATH, &vtable, menu, NULL)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return DBUS_MENU_OBJECT_PATH;
}

void SDL_DBus_UpdateMenu(SDL_DBusContext *ctx, DBusConnection *conn, SDL_ListNode *menu, const char *path, void (*cb)(SDL_ListNode *, const char *, void *), void *cbdata, unsigned char flags)
{
    DBusMessage *signal;
    dbus_uint32_t revision;
    dbus_int32_t next_id;

    if (!ctx) {
        return;
    }

    if (!menu) {
        goto REPLACE_MENU;
    }

    next_id = MenuGetMaxItemId(menu) + 1;
    MenuAssignItemIds(menu, &next_id);

    revision = 0;
    if (menu->entry) {
        SDL_DBusMenuItem *item;

        item = menu->entry;
        item->revision++;
        item->dbus = ctx;
        revision = item->revision;
    }

    if (flags & SDL_DBUS_UPDATE_MENU_FLAG_DO_NOT_REPLACE) {
        goto SEND_SIGNAL;
    }

REPLACE_MENU:
    if (path) {
        void *udata;

        ctx->connection_get_object_path_data(conn, path, &udata);

        if (udata != menu) {
            DBusObjectPathVTable vtable;

            vtable.message_function = MenuMessageHandler;
            vtable.unregister_function = NULL;
            ctx->connection_unregister_object_path(conn, path);
            ctx->connection_try_register_object_path(conn, path, &vtable, menu, NULL);
            ctx->connection_flush(conn);

            if (cb) {
                cb(menu, NULL, cbdata);
            }
        }
    } else {
        DBusObjectPathVTable vtable;
        SDL_DBusMenuItem *item;

        if (!menu) {
            goto SEND_SIGNAL;
        }

        next_id = MenuGetMaxItemId(menu) + 1;
        MenuAssignItemIds(menu, &next_id);
        revision = 0;
        if (menu->entry) {
            item = menu->entry;
            item->dbus = ctx;
            item->revision++;
            revision = item->revision;
        }

        vtable.message_function = MenuMessageHandler;
        vtable.unregister_function = NULL;
        ctx->connection_try_register_object_path(conn, DBUS_MENU_OBJECT_PATH, &vtable, menu, NULL);
        ctx->connection_flush(conn);

        if (cb) {
            cb(menu, DBUS_MENU_OBJECT_PATH, cbdata);
        }
        ctx->connection_flush(conn);
    }

SEND_SIGNAL:
    if (path) {
        signal = ctx->message_new_signal(path, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE, "LayoutUpdated");
    } else {
        signal = ctx->message_new_signal(DBUS_MENU_OBJECT_PATH, DBUS_MENU_INTERFACE, "LayoutUpdated");
    }

    if (signal) {
        dbus_int32_t parent;

        parent = 0;
        ctx->message_append_args(signal, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &revision, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &parent, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
        ctx->connection_send(conn, signal, NULL);
        ctx->message_unref(signal);
        ctx->connection_flush(conn);
    }
}

void SDL_DBus_RegisterMenuOpenCallback(SDL_ListNode *menu, bool (*cb)(SDL_ListNode *, void *), void *cbdata)
{
    SDL_DBusMenuItem *item;

    item = (SDL_DBusMenuItem *)menu->entry;
    item->cb = cb;
    item->cbdata = cbdata;
}

void SDL_DBus_TransferMenuItemProperties(SDL_MenuItem *src, SDL_MenuItem *dst)
{
    SDL_DBusMenuItem *src_dbus;
    SDL_DBusMenuItem *dst_dbus;

    src_dbus = (SDL_DBusMenuItem *)src;
    dst_dbus = (SDL_DBusMenuItem *)dst;
    dst_dbus->dbus = src_dbus->dbus;
    dst_dbus->revision = src_dbus->revision;
    dst_dbus->cb = src_dbus->cb;
    dst_dbus->cbdata = src_dbus->cbdata;
}

void SDL_DBus_RetractMenu(SDL_DBusContext *ctx, DBusConnection *conn, const char **path)
{
    ctx->connection_unregister_object_path(conn, *path);
    *path = NULL;
}

#endif // SDL_USE_LIBDBUS